Standards. Case Law. Approaches. Opinions
Overall, community sanctions and measures suffer an underlying legitimacy problem. Unlike the Crown, probation has never become a taken for granted part of
Many jails still in use today were built by the Victorians. Here’s how their 19th-century design is contributing to a 21st-century crisis. England
Europe is the only continent where the total number of prisoners has decreased since 2000. However, the extent of this reduction has largely
The President of the Committee for the Prevention of Torture and Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (CPT), Alan Mitchell, has presented the
Ukraine: Does the ‘fear of punishment’ work to prevent traffic violations? In his study, Norwegian criminologist I. Andenes analyses in detail the English
‘Social defence’ against ‘antisocial elements’, as the German scholar P.-A. Albrecht rightly points out, has usually been a feature of totalitarian societies, as
